J.J. Thomson

In 1897 British people man of science Joseph John or also J.J Thomson , who lived between 1856 to 1940, discovered the lepton in a very series of experiments designed to check the character of electrical discharge in a very high-vacuum gas-discharge tube, a district being investigated by varied scientists at the time. Thomson taken the deflection of the rays by electrically charged plates and magnets as proof of “bodies abundant smaller than atoms” that he calculated as having a awfully giant worth for the charge-to-mass magnitude relation. Later he calculable the worth of the charge itself.

In 1904 Thomson steered a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter within which electrons area unit positioned by static forces. His efforts to estimate the quantity of electrons in Associate in Nursing atom from measurements of the scattering of sunshine, X, beta, and gamma rays initiated the analysis flight on that his student Rutherford affected. Thomson’s last vital experimental program centered on determinant the character of charged particles. Here his techniques diode to the event of the spectrometer. His assistant, Francis Aston, developed Thomson’s instrument any and with the improved version was able to discover isotopes—atoms of a similar part with totally different atomic weights—in an oversized variety of nonradioactive components.

Because of his contributions to science, he was honored with a lot of awards from different organizations and independent people around the world. One of which is Nobel Prize in the field of Physics which he received during he year 1906 and also a special award from the Queen which is called the knighthood during the year of 1908. His acquaintances, assistants and colleagues also received very prestigious awards for their great assistance. Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in relation to Chemistry during 1908. Later in 1922, Aston was able to achieve his Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

History of the Study of Matter

Greek Science

The Ancient Greeks were the first to try getting answers on how these chemical changes work, which is the very first approach to chemistry to being a science. Questions like what made the Earth, how rocks were formed and what elements does our planet possessed are just examples of the list. Thales was one of the famous people in creating Chemistry because of his attempt. He believed that the Earth was made of water and the Earth itself was hardened water while Air was thinned out water. This became the first theory relating to chemical during the history.

Hundred years later, Aristotle had another idea. Instead of only water, he said that the Earth was made out of four elements. While the heavens were made up of the fifth element that the Earth lacks. He named it aether. The Greeks believed him for hundreds of years until Democritus contradicted the ideas.

He said that EVERYTHING is made up of very little particles. These particles were so microscopic that you can not divide them anymore. These are now called the atoms which means “something that cannot be cut” in Greek. However, most of the people did not believe his ideas. Therefore, Aristotle’s idea won again not until thousand years later that the idea reappeared.

Alchemy

Metal was very important during the ancient times. Therefore, metalworking was indeed important. Greek ideas were mixed with both Egyptian and Mesopotamian. Example waswhen the Egyptians imitated gold by mixing copper and some other metals. Yet, a Greek theory stated that copper and gold have the similar matter. They are only different when it comes to their “form”.

Then time came when the metalworkers tried to make authentic gold. It was called as the study of chemia. It is the origin of the word “chemistry”.