To people in the ancient world, they thought that the earth was flat and sky above their heads seems to be like a dome. The sun moves across it by day and the moon by night. At night also, the inside of the dome was surfaced with a lot of stars. The brightest stars were grouped into different patterns called constellations, which means “a group of stars” in Latin. The different pre-historic civilizations had different names for these different kinds of patterns. They often named it according to their beliefs(gods and goddesses) and also animals.
Before astronomical inventions like the telescope emerged, the great men of those times studied the stars in fine details. They were able to realize through observation is that these stars move in a steady procession through a course in each year. For example, some certain constellations appear above the eastern horizon in the spring.
Ancient people observed that within the procession of the stars,there were 12 of them of great interest. The sun and the moon always rise and set within the sky that withholds these 12 constellations. These were called the zodiac which means “a circle of living things”. These constellations are called each by the names of Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpios, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. These are the signs of the zodiac.
Other than the famous twelve, there are other thirty six constellations. But in the south, explorers were able to discover hundred more. Most of the stars were named after ancient things and also by ancient people like Arabian Astronomers who were living in Persia. Examples are Mizar Hamal and Deneb. Others were by ancient Greek which are Castor and Pollux. Nowadays, fifty seven stars are being used to be a guide by sea and air navigators around the world.